Device for the wet treatment of packed and similar textile materials

ABSTRACT

Device for the wet treatment of packed and similar textile materials, comprising a hermetically locked enclosure, containing the treatment bath for the material, and the interior of which is divided into two chambers. One of these chambers communicates with the interior of the perforated cores which carry the packed material to be treated and their perforated tubular supports and the other chamber communicates with the outside of these cores. Both these chambers are separated by a volumetric alternating treatment bath impelling mechanism, this mechanism is of a type made up of a piston, a membrane pump or rotating pump. Said alternating treatment bath impelling mechanism impels, during every one of its to and fro strokes a part of the treatment bath and compels it to pass through the textile material or, respectively, from the inside of same towards the outside and from the outside towards the inside. The treatment bath volume which each time flows through the textile matter from the outside towards the inside of same is being kept enclosed in said chamber which communicates with the inside of the perforated tubular supports which support the textile material, and is at same time kept separated from the remainder of the total treatment bath volume which has not passed through the textile matter.

United States Patent FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 68,688 6/1893Germany ..68/l89 502,506 ll/l954 Italy ..68/l90 PrimaryExaminer-William 1. Price Attorney-E. F. Wenderoth et al.

Vifias 1' Apr. 17,1973

[ DEVICE FOR THE WET TREATMENT OF PACKED AND SHVIILAR TEXTILE [57]ABSTRACT MATERIALS Device for the wet treatment of packed and similar[76] Inventor: Maria Teresa Clermont Viias, textile materials,comprising a hermetically locked en- Paseo Can Feu, 68/80, Sabadell,closure, containing the treatment bath for the materi- Spain al, and theinterior of which is divided into two chambers. One of these chamberscommunicates with the [22] Flled' June 1971 interior of the perforatedcores which carry the PP 153,945 packed material to be treated and theirperforated tubular supports and the other chamber communicates [30]Foreign Application Priority Data with the outside of these cores. Boththese chambers are separated by a volumetric alternating treatment June24, bath mechanism this mechanism is of a made up of a piston, amembrane pump or rotating [52] US. Cl ..68/189 pump. S alternatingtreatment bath i u [51] Illt. Cl ..B05C 8/02 mechanim inlpels, duringevery one ofv i to and fro [58] Field of Search ..68/l89, 190, 192,strokes a part of the treatment bath and compels it to 68/15 passthrough the textile material or, respectively, from the inside of sametowards the outside and from the [56] References cued outside towardsthe inside. The treatment bath volume UNITED STATES PATENTS which eachtime flows through the textile matter from the outside towards theinside of same is being kept 1,623,548 4/1927 Niesen ..68/l90 enclosedin i chamber which communicates with the inside of the perforatedtubular supports which support the textile material, and is at same timekept separated from the remainder of the total treatment bath volumewhich has not passed through the textile matter.

12 Drawing Figures I /U D 7 ll PATENTED 3. 727, 436

SHEET 2 BF 7 Maria Teresa CLERMONT VINAS,

Inventor whmmfibm Attorneys PATENTEDMR171973 v 3.727. 436

SHEET l 0F 7 .Maria Teresa CLERMONT VINAS,

Inventor Bywmmum Attorreys PATENT m1 7 I373 SHEET 8 OF 7 "Maria TeresaCLERMONI VINAS,

ALI ornuy PlJENTf-IMPR171975 3'. 727, 436

SHEET 7 BF 7 Maria Teresa CLERMONT VINAS,

Inventor Attorneys DEVICE FOR THE WET. TREATMENT OF PACKED AND SHVHLARTEXTILE MATERIALS This invention refers to a device for the wettreatment of textile and other similar filiform matters, and morestrictly speaking, it has for its subject an improved autoclave capableof being applied in the textile industry, the purpose of which is tosubject to the action of the various treatment baths the textile matterswhich find themselves in their various processing stages; it isspecially meant for the dyeing of raw, spun or woven fabrics; thisautoclave offers substantial, mainly technical, advantages in comparisonto those used heretofore.

According to the classic arrangement of such autoclaves, the filiform ortextile matter, be it in the raw stage, or in a spun or woven shape, issuitably packed inside the autoclave and the treatment bath or baths arebeing impelled through them, whereby this form of circulation within thenormal autoclaves is being achieved by means of a pump or propeller.

This usual system or propulsion of the treatment bath by means of a pumpofi'ers several disadvantages. Firstly, it does not allow to carry out aperfect treatment of the textile matter, for the functioning of a givenpump in general cannot adapted to the flow and pressure conditionsrequired by the fluodynamic characteristics of a given textile package,what frequently causes the treatment to be carried out at a higherpressure than the right one, thereby causing the hardening of thepackage, solution leakage and other disadvantages.

On the other hand, the uniformity of the wet treatment of the packedtextile matter, specially during the dyeing process, depends, among theother factors, of the number of times the circulation flow of thetreatment fluid is reverted through the textile matter, thus saiduniformity improves considerably along with the increase of said numberof reversals, but since the pumps own inertia does not allow to revertits movement at a high frequency, it results that a relativelyconsiderable time is needed to perform the necessary reversals of thetreatment baths direction of flow.

Should this wet treatment consist in a dyeing process, it is,furthermore, utmost essential to have a treatment bath temperaturecontrol, for the temperature has an utmost marked effect on theabsorption velocity of dyestuffs by textile matters and on the totalquantity of dyestuffs absorbed by the fiber at the end of the dyeingprocess.

If only the kynetic aspects of the dyeing process, which on the otherhand is the most important operation in the dyeing process from theindustrial stand point, are considered, the connection between theabsorption velocity and the temperature (see The Physical Chemistry ofDyeing, by T. Vickerstaff, 2nd edition, page 160) is In K =K, (E/RT) T owhere K Reaction velocity constant at the temperature T K,, Constantterm E Activation energy R Gas constant T= Temperature of the dyeingstufi.

As it may be appreciated, the absorption velocity constant K variesexponentially with the temperature so that when the temperatureincreases the absorption velocity increases notably. The value of thisincrement depends from the momentary affinity towards the fiber, and ingreat afiinity dyeing systems, for instance, cationic dyeing stuffs andpolyac'rylonitrile fibers, temperature differences of 1C mean absorptionvelocity differences of the 30 percent order, what causes these dyeingsystems to be extraordinarily sensible to temperature variations.

Thus it is understood that in the dyeing process of a packed textilematter, where the direction of circulation of the dyeing solutionchanges from the inside towards the outside and from the outside towardsthe inside, it is necessary that the temperature of the solution in bothflow directions be always the same in order that the absorption of thedyeing stufi be the same inside as outside of the packed textilematerial in order to obtain a uniform dyeing.

Such conditions are unattainable with the usual autoclaves where theheat exchangers are connected in the circuit where the treatment bathflows in both directions and the various heat losses which the treatmentbath suffers .when circulating in the one or other direction cannot bemade up for.

By means of the autoclave which is the subject of this application theseadvantages can be solved, whereby the treatment bath is enabled to flowthrough the textile matter following a very easily variablereciprocating movement of high frequency and according to the pressurecharacteristics at a constant flow of liquor per unit time, which dependonly from the structure of the packed textile matter, which is thussubjected to the necessary minimum pressure to overcome the textilmaterial packets resistance which is a function of the flow of theliquor which passes through it. Furthermore, this device allows toseparately heat the treatment bath flowing from the inside towards theoutside of the textil matter packet and the portion of the treatmentbath which flows from the outside towards the inside of the packet,whereby a wide range of variation of the working conditions may beobtained which considerably increases its application possibilities.

EssentiallY, this device is made up by an autoclave container,consequently it is provided with a tight look, containing the treatmentbath, and comprises a volumetric reciprocating mechanism impelling saidtreatment bath from a chamber which communicates with the drilledsupports or material carriers which carry the materials to be treated,so that the reciprocating movement of said mechanism impels a portion ofthe treatment bath during the upward stroke as well as during thedownward stroke and compels it to flow through the textile matter in theone and opposite direction, whereby at the same time a separationbetween the two cited chambers is being established, what is the reasonwhy the amount of the treatment bath flowing through the textile matterfrom its outside towards the inside of same finds itself confinedindependently from the total treatment bath volume which does not flowthrough it; this separation allows to independently handle each one ofthe portions into which is divided the total bath volume, in order toheat or cool them or add products to them; for this purpose the abovecited chambers of the autoclave itself are provided with independentlycontrollable heat exchangers as well as with the appropiate means forthe introduction of additional products. Above mentioned treatment bathimpelling mechanism may be located within the autoclave s inner space,or outside same and connected .with the autoclaves inner space and thematerial carriers inside same by the appropiate conduits.

On the other hand, the active organ of this treatment bath impellingmechanism may consist of a piston, membrane pump or radial rotary pumpor any other contrivance with a reciprocating movement capable of actingin its two opposite strokes.

Other advantages and features of the device will be explained in thefollowing specification hereinafter described, which refers to encloseddrawings and is only given as an example of an embodiment of theinvention with no feature that might limit the scope of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a diagram explaining the operating conditions of the usualautoclaves, where the circulation of the treatment bath is obtained bymeans of a pump.

FIG. 2 is a diagram similar to above, but the impelling of the treatmentbath is made by a volumetric mechanism according to the invention.

FIG. 3 is a sketch showing a lengthwise section through a textilepackage showing the flow of the fluid through same.

FIG. 4 is a plan view corresponding to the foregoing figure.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the variations of the concentration of theproduct affine to the fabric according to the distinct zones of thepacket, as a function of time, which take place in the treatments bymeans of the usual devices.

FIG. 6 is a diagram similar to the foregoing one, cor responding to thetreatment by means of the device which is the subject of this invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic cutaway of an embodiment of the device which isthe subject of this application, in

. which the impelling mechanism is housed inside thecontainer of theautoclave itself.

FIGS. 8 and 9 are views similar to that of FIG. 7, which show twovariants in which different typed of the treatment bath impellingmechanism are used.

FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 show the same number of variants of the device, eachone provided with the treatment bath impelling mechanism as shown inFIGS. 7, 8 and 9, but this mechanism being located outside theautoclave.

' One of the main features of this device, which is the subject of thisinvention, lies in that itis provided with a volumetric device for thepropulsion of the treatment bath through the textile packet, this devicehaving a reciprocating movement, the features of which make itessentially different, both in regard to construction and to operation,from the known autoclaves in which the propulsion of the treatment bathis made by means of a pump or screw, whereby the difference of operationis to be seen from the diagrams shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

In FIG. 1 the connection of the operating features of a determined pump,i.e., the pressure P and the flow per unit time Q, is in general shownby a curve such as curve M. On the other hand, each textile packet hasits own fluodynamic characteristics so that when a liquid passes throughit it offers a resistance to the passage of the same which depends onthe permeability and flow per unit time which passes through it, thesecharacteristics being connected with each other by an ex ponentialfunction; in said FIG. 1 are shown the curves E and E corresponding totwo textile packets of different permeability.

In a usual autoclave, the operating point of the treatment bathimpelling pump is determined by the intersection of the curve M withthat of the corresponding textile packet, i.e., by the points A, and Afor thetextile packets E, and E, and they determine the flow of liquidper unit time Q and Q respectively, which passes through the textilematter. Thus it is to be seen that the flow of liquid per unit timedepends 'on the pump type used and on the features of the textilepacket. Consequently, should one be interested in having a determinedtextile packet (E working in one point of its curve such as C with thecharacteristics P and Q this would not be possible for the pump (M) isunable to work in such conditions, but the system would settle ina pointD on curve M for which the flow per unit time Q corresponds to thepressure P,,, what would entail a change of the permeability of thetextile packet according to B, because the pump would work at a higherpressure, with the drawbacks which result from it.

On the other hand, if the propulsion of the liquor is being made,according to the invention, by means of a reciprocating mechanism, thevalue of the-pressure depends on the resistance offered by the textilepacket to the passage of the liquor in the way shown in FIG. 2,

i.e., for two textile packets represented by the curves E and E theworking pressures will be P and P respectively, for a determined flow ofliquor per unit time Q, the pressures depend on the nature of thetextile packets but noton the features of the treatment bath impellingmechanism.

These pressures P and P are the pressures strictly needed for the liquidto pass through the textile matter, so that this is not subjected to anexcess of working pressure as it is the case when the liquid is impelledby a pump, and, consequently, the textile packet is not being deformed,what fact means an important advantage over the usual system, for eachdeformation causes an unequal treatment and produces anomalies in theresults.

If, due to the requirements of the operating process it is considerednecessary to increase or decrease the flow per unit time, this variationmay be obtained by speeding up or slowing down the movement of thereciprocating mechanism, resulting, then, the flows per unit time Q andQ0, respectively, in this event the textile packet will be subjected todifferent pressures. This possibility also means an advantage over thepropulsion of the treatment bath by .means of a pump, for one is in theposition to vary the flow per unit time for a determined textile packet,which is not so easily possible when the impelling mechanism is a pump.

The consequence of the constructive mode and of the operation of thereciprocating mechanism is the possibility to change, using a highfrequency of the piston strokes, the direction of flow of the solutionthrough the textile packet. The possibility to quickly vary thedirection of flow is of the highest importance in order to obtain auniform dyeing of the inner and outer layers of a textile packet treatedwith circulating solutions flowing through it; this is based on thefollow- When a textile packet, such as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, issubjected to a treatment in which affinity effects between the fabricand the component products of the treatment solution (such as dyeingstuffs, chemical products, etc.) are involved, selective absorption ofthe product effects are produced in the measure the treat ment passesthrough the fabric.

If we call Q the flow of the treatment solution per unit time passingthrough the textile packet sketched in those figures, S, and S the innerand outer surfaces of the textile packet normal to the direction of flowof the solution, X, and X e the concentration of the product on to thefiber at the time the solution is getting in contact with the inner andouter surface of the textile packet, respectively, and C and C thequantity of product on to the inner and outer surface of the textilepacket, accumulated during the time T, K being equal to theproportionality constant, it will be, when the flow of the treatmentsolution is from the inside towards the outside of the textile packet:

Since 8,, is greater than S, and X, is greater than X due to theafiinityeffect, it is easily understood that C, is greater than C, andif the process would go on for ever in this direction there would be anaccumulation of the effective product in the inside of the textilepacket, thereby producing an uneven treatment of the same. If the flowof the treatment solution is from the outside towards the inside, X isgreater than X what seems to counteract the effect that S is greaterthan S for a determined value of X and X,, but since theseconcentrations vary during the process, the values of C, and C neverwould be equal. Generally speaking, it can be said that the flow of thetreatment solution from the inside towards the outside causes treatmentswith a greater accumulation of the product in the inner zone, and thatthe flow from the outside towards the inside causes treatments with agreater accumulation of the product in the outer zone, although thisaccumulation is not as marked as in the case of the flow inside-outside.From this it is to be inferred that there is need to change directionsof flow in the fabric treating machines with those types of textilepackets in order that the distribution of the products be uniform withinall the textile packet.

As we have seen, the accumulated quantity in S, or 8,,

is a linear function of the treatment time, hence the smaller this time,the smaller the differences between the inner and outer zones of thetextile packet. The decrease in time can only be made by changing veryquickly. the direction of flow of the solution, those machines which areable to do so at a higher frequency will be enabled to perform moreuniform treatments or to obtain the uniformity in a shorter time.

In todays textile fabric dyeing machines provide with a pump or screw,the reversal of the direction of flow of the liquor can, at most, bedone every 2 minutes for this means stopping the pump motor to changethe turning direction of same, or otherwise operate a four way valve; inboth cases a time span-between 2 and 5 minutes is required. By means ofthe machine, which is the subject of this application, the reversal maybe done up to 20 four times per minute what means from 48 to times asmuch as in the present machines, and this makes that its treatmentlevelling possibilities are highly superior for the distribution of theproduct in the inner and outer zone is made without accumulations whilstthe presently used time spans for these processes may be shortened; partof these processes are used to obtain a regularization of theaccumulation of the product after its being deposited on the textilefabric.

Thus, comparing the diagrams shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 it is to be seenthat in the processes made in the usual apparatus (FIG. 5) theconcentration C of the product increases from the inner zone (ZI) ontowards the outer zone (ZE) of the textile packet during the timeperiods I, II, III and the levelling of this concentration is notreached before a time IV; on the other hand, by the use of the device,which is the subject of this invention, a practically equal levelling isobtained from the time I and the desired concentration is reachedmaintaining this levelling at a time III lower than needed in theprevious case.

The device which is the subject of the present invention and is shown inFIG. 7, having the above mentioned principles of irnpelling thetreatment bath through the fabric altematingly in the one or otherdirection, comprises an autoclave container 1 provided with the conduits2 and 3 with their corresponding valves 4 and 5 for the inlet andoutlet, respectively, of the treatment bath, as well as a lid 6 endowedwith a self sealing closing means and of a scavenger pipe 8 and a safetyvalve 9.

Inside this container 1 there is the device which impels the treatmentbath through the fabric, comprising a cylinder 10 open at both its ends,having inside a piston 11 which carries'out reciprocating movementswhich it receives from a mechanical, electric, pneumatic or hydraulicmotor as in the instance shown, which consists of a cylinder 12 with itscorresponding piston rod 14 connected to the corresponding piston 13 andpiston rod 15 of piston .1 l.

One end of the cylinder 10 opens at the bottom of container 1 and theopposite end is laid out to receive a plate or base 16 acting as asealing lid on cylinder 10, of a suitable material carrier on which aremounted the various perforated tubular supports for the textile packets.In FIG. 7 only one perforated tubular support 17 on which are piled aseries of yarn bobbins l8 wound on cores 19 which are also perforated isshown; the material carrier may be adapted to any other arrangementsuitable to the sort of textile packets to be treated.

It is easy to see that thanks to this arrangement each time that piston11 makes an upward stroke the treatment bath contained in the upperchamber 20 of the cylinder 10 is impelled into all the perforatedtubular supports 17 of the material carrier and from here through therespective packets 18 from the inside of the same towards the outside,and that, inversely, when the piston 11 makes a downward stroke thetreatment bath quantity contained in the lower chamber 21 of cylinder 10which is in communication with the rest of the treatment bath containedin container ll through the bobbins is impelled from the outside towardsthe inside of the same and through the supporting tubes 17 again intothe upper chamber of cylinder 10. This amount of the treatment bathwhich has passed through the packets 18 is contained in said upperchamber 20 separate from the remainder of the total quantity of thetreatment bath which takes the lower chamber 21 of the cylinder and ofcontainer 1.

That way, during each cycle of the reciprocating movement of piston 11 apart of the treatment bath is impelled through the yarn bobbin 18 withthe same frequency as the reciprocating movement of the piston, with thepossibility of varying the flowing quantity by consequently changing thepiston s driving speed.

Furthermore, each chamber 20 and 21 of cylinder 10 contains independentheat exchangers made up of the worm pipes 22 and 23, respectivelyprovided with the conduits 24 and 25 with their corresponding valves 26and 27 to let in cold water or water steam, and the respective outlets28 and 29 as well, with their corresponding valves 30 and 31, wherebyalong with the fact that the treatment. bath passing through the packet18 from the outside towards the inside is kept within the upper chamber20 of cylinder 10 a means of conveniently controlling the temperature ofthis part of the treatment bath and the remaining portion of the samecontained in container 1 is provided in order to be in the position tohave the treatment bath circulating from the inside to the outsideexactly at the same temperature as that from the outside towards theinside of the textile packet.

As has been stated before, the prime mover driving the reciprocatingvolumetric impelling mechanism of the treatment bath may also be of atype different from the piston type 11 described in connection with theautoclave shown in FIG. 7. Thus, in the device shown as an example inFIG. 8, said prime mover is made up of a flexible membrane 32 fastenedby its outer rim to the wall cylinder 10 and by its center between thediscs 33 and 34, which, in turn, are fastened to the piston rod 15 whichmakes a reciprocating up and down movement by means of a hydraulic motorsimilar to that of the device shown in FIG. 7, which is made up of thecylinder 12 and the piston rod 13. The remaining elements of thisautoclave are similar to those corresponding to the autoclave of FIG. 7,for which reason the same reference numbers are being used.

In another embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the prime moverimpelling thetreatment bath is made up of a radial rotary pump comprising a pump body35 instead of cylinder 10 of both foregoing embodiments, in the interiorof which are mounted two blades 36 and 37 which simultaneously rotate inopposite directions, and the axes of which are mounted at the ends of acentral partition 38. Both these blades 36 and 37 are mechanicallycoupled together by means of any suitable mechanism, for instance, eachone having a sector of a gear 39, 40 which mesh with each other; one ofwhich is conveniently joined to the end of the piston rod 14 of thepiston 13 of the hydraulic driving motor, the cylinder 12 of whichshould be, understandably, mounted oscillateably on a suitable support41. The remaining elements of this device in this example have also beengiven the same reference numbers as in the foregoing instances for theyare analoguous to the elements corresponding to the same.

In these three above described instances the treatment bath impellingmechanism is lodged in the interior of the container 1 of the autoclave,but it can also be located outside this container 1, what might beadranged outside the autoclaves container 42 and is in general of asmaller size, which at its top and bottom parts communicates by means ofthe conduits 44 and 45, with the upper part of the autoclaves container42, and with a closed chamber 46 located in the inner and bottom part ofthe autoclave s container 42, respectively, the top of this closedchamber being an even lid 47 which possesses holes on which are locatedthe drilled supports or material carriers 17 similar to those on the lid16 of cylinder 10 and pump body 35 of FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 respectively.

Said outer container 43 comprises in its interior two heat exchangers,the top one 48 and the bottom one 49 provided with the correspondinginlet 50 and 51 and outlet 52 and 53 conduits with their pertinentvalves, intended for the circulation of the heating or cooling fluids,as well as the corresponding treatment bath impelling prime moverconstituted by a piston 54 in the embodiment of FIG. 10, a membrane pump55 in the embodiment of FIG. 11 and the radial rotary pump with theblades 56 in the embodiment of FIG. 12, these three treatment bathimpelling mechanisms being driven by a hydraulic motor with the cylinder57, piston 58, or by a motor of any other sort, which mayindistinctively be located on the top part of the container 43, as it isshown in the figure, or in the bottom part of same. 7 I

It is to be well understood that the operation of all these devices isidentical to that of the autoclave shown in FIG. 7, the sole thing whichis changed is the treatment bath impelling mechanism and the structureof the prime mover of the same.

What I claim is:

1. Device for the wet treatment of packed textile materials comprising:

an autoclave enclosure containing a liquor for the treatment of saidtextile materials,

' a plurality of perforated tubular supports for packets of said textilematerials in the inside of said enclosure,

a space divided into first and second chambers the respective volumes ofwhich are inversely variable,

first means for communicating said first chamber-of variable volume withthe inside of the'autoclave enclosure, i second means for communicatingsaid second chamber with the inside of the perforated tubular supportson the packets of textile materials, moving part positioned within saidspace for the division thereof into said first and second chambers andwhich causes the respective volumes of said first and second chambers tovary inversely with each other,

driving means for reciprocating said moving part in the inside of saidspace in order to vary the volumes of said first and second chambers inan inverse ratio and to alternately impel the portion of the treatmentliquor contained in said first chamber through the textile packets fromthe outside to the inside thereof and the portion of the treatmentliquor contained in said second chamber through the textile packets fromthe inside to the outside thereof, and

said first and second chambers each containing a heat exchanger providedwith regulating means controllable independently from one another.

2. Device for the wet treatment of packed textile materials, comprisingan autoclave enclosure containing the textile matter treatment bath; aspace arranged inside said autoclave enclosure, said space being open atits bottom to freely communicate with the inside of said autoclaveenclosure, and at its top said space being in communication solely withthe inside of perforated tubular supports supporting textile packetswhich are arranged inside said autoclave enclosure; a moving partendowed with a reciprocating movement within said space which part iscapable of impelling that portion of the treatment bath contained in thechamber above said moving part towards the inside of those perforatedtubular supports supporting the packed textile matter and through saidpacked textile matter from the inside towards the outside thereof andthat portion of the treatment bath contained in the chamber below saidmoving part into the autoclave enclosure and through the packed textilematter from the outside towards the inside thereof; and heat exchangersin each chamber, located above and underneath, respectively, said movingpart in order to regulate the temperature of the respective treatmentbath portion contained in those chambers above and underneath saidmoving part, said heat exchangers being provided with regulating meanswhich are controllable independently from one another.

3. Device according to claim 2, wherein said moving part endowed with areciprocating movement inside said space comprises a piston.

4. Device according to claim 2, wherein said moving part endowed with areciprocating movement inside said space comprises a membrane pump.

5. Device according to claim 2, wherein said moving part endowed with areciprocating movement in the inside of said space comprises radialrotary pump.

reciprocating strokes the treatment 6. Device according to claim 2,wherein said part with the reciprocating movement inside said space isdriven by a hydraulic motor.

7. Device for the wet treatment of packed textile materials, whichcomprises an autoclave enclosure containing the packed textile materialtreatment bath; a closed chamber located inside in the bottom part ofsaid autoclave enclosure, the top of the closed chamber beingincommunication with the inside of perforated tubular supports whichcarry the packed textile matter; a second closed reservoir locatedoutside said autoclave enclosure, which at its top is in communicationwith the upper part of said autoclave enclosure and at its bottom withthe inside of said closed chamber which is located inside said autoclaveenclosure; a moving part endowed with a reciprocating movement in theinside of said closed outer reservoir in order to impel with bathportion contained in the bottom part of said closed outer reservoir intothat closed chamber which is located inside the autoclave enclosure andthence into the inside of perforated tubular supports which carry thepacked textile matter and from the inside of said packed textile mattertowards the outside thereof, and the portion of the treatment bathlocated in the top part of said outer closed reservoir into the insideof the autoclave enclosure and through the packed textile matter fromthe outside into the inside thereof and, two heat exchangers providedwith independent regulating means and mounted within said outer closedreservoir above and beneath said moving part in order to separatelycontrol the temperature of the treatment bath portions lodged insidesaid outer closed reservoir respectively above and beneath said movingpart.

8. Device according to claim 7, wherein said moving part endowed with areciprocating movement inside said closed outer reservoir comprises apiston.

9. Device according to claim 7, wherein said moving part endowed with areciprocating movement inside said closed outer reservoir comprises amembrane pump.

10. Device according to claim 7, wherein said moving part endowed with areciprocating movement inside said closed outer reservoir comprises aradial rotary pump.

11. Device according to claim 7, wherein said moving part endowed with areciprocating movement inside said closed outer reservoir comprises ahydraulic motOt'.

1. DeVice for the wet treatment of packed textile materials comprising:an autoclave enclosure containing a liquor for the treatment of saidtextile materials, a plurality of perforated tubular supports forpackets of said textile materials in the inside of said enclosure, aspace divided into first and second chambers the respective volumes ofwhich are inversely variable, first means for communicating said firstchamber of variable volume with the inside of the autoclave enclosure,second means for communicating said second chamber with the inside ofthe perforated tubular supports on the packets of textile materials, amoving part positioned within said space for the division thereof intosaid first and second chambers and which causes the respective volumesof said first and second chambers to vary inversely with each other,driving means for reciprocating said moving part in the inside of saidspace in order to vary the volumes of said first and second chambers inan inverse ratio and to alternately impel the portion of the treatmentliquor contained in said first chamber through the textile packets fromthe outside to the inside thereof and the portion of the treatmentliquor contained in said second chamber through the textile packets fromthe inside to the outside thereof, and said first and second chamberseach containing a heat exchanger provided with regulating meanscontrollable independently from one another.
 2. Device for the wettreatment of packed textile materials, comprising an autoclave enclosurecontaining the textile matter treatment bath; a space arranged insidesaid autoclave enclosure, said space being open at its bottom to freelycommunicate with the inside of said autoclave enclosure, and at its topsaid space being in communication solely with the inside of perforatedtubular supports supporting textile packets which are arranged insidesaid autoclave enclosure; a moving part endowed with a reciprocatingmovement within said space which part is capable of impelling thatportion of the treatment bath contained in the chamber above said movingpart towards the inside of those perforated tubular supports supportingthe packed textile matter and through said packed textile matter fromthe inside towards the outside thereof and that portion of the treatmentbath contained in the chamber below said moving part into the autoclaveenclosure and through the packed textile matter from the outside towardsthe inside thereof; and heat exchangers in each chamber, located aboveand underneath, respectively, said moving part in order to regulate thetemperature of the respective treatment bath portion contained in thosechambers above and underneath said moving part, said heat exchangersbeing provided with regulating means which are controllableindependently from one another.
 3. Device according to claim 2, whereinsaid moving part endowed with a reciprocating movement inside said spacecomprises a piston.
 4. Device according to claim 2, wherein said movingpart endowed with a reciprocating movement inside said space comprises amembrane pump.
 5. Device according to claim 2, wherein said moving partendowed with a reciprocating movement in the inside of said spacecomprises radial rotary pump.
 6. Device according to claim 2, whereinsaid part with the reciprocating movement inside said space is driven bya hydraulic motor.
 7. Device for the wet treatment of packed textilematerials, which comprises an autoclave enclosure containing the packedtextile material treatment bath; a closed chamber located inside in thebottom part of said autoclave enclosure, the top of the closed chamberbeing in communication with the inside of perforated tubular supportswhich carry the packed textile matter; a second closed reservoir locatedoutside said autoclave enclosure, which at its top is in communicationwith the upper part of said autoclave enclosure and at its bottom withthe inside of said closed chamber which is located insIde said autoclaveenclosure; a moving part endowed with a reciprocating movement in theinside of said closed outer reservoir in order to impel withreciprocating strokes the treatment bath portion contained in the bottompart of said closed outer reservoir into that closed chamber which islocated inside the autoclave enclosure and thence into the inside ofperforated tubular supports which carry the packed textile matter andfrom the inside of said packed textile matter towards the outsidethereof, and the portion of the treatment bath located in the top partof said outer closed reservoir into the inside of the autoclaveenclosure and through the packed textile matter from the outside intothe inside thereof and, two heat exchangers provided with independentregulating means and mounted within said outer closed reservoir aboveand beneath said moving part in order to separately control thetemperature of the treatment bath portions lodged inside said outerclosed reservoir respectively above and beneath said moving part. 8.Device according to claim 7, wherein said moving part endowed with areciprocating movement inside said closed outer reservoir comprises apiston.
 9. Device according to claim 7, wherein said moving part endowedwith a reciprocating movement inside said closed outer reservoircomprises a membrane pump.
 10. Device according to claim 7, wherein saidmoving part endowed with a reciprocating movement inside said closedouter reservoir comprises a radial rotary pump.
 11. Device according toclaim 7, wherein said moving part endowed with a reciprocating movementinside said closed outer reservoir comprises a hydraulic motor.